Although there is no cure for spina bifida, the chances of having a child with this condition can be reduced by up to 70% due to multiple factors/determinents.
Biological:
There is a relationship between spina bifida and the maternal age. The overall prevalence of spina bifida is higher at the extremes of reproductive age; that is, among women aged less than 20 years and women aged 35 years or more, than among women aged 20 to 35. Therefore the ideal and statistically safer age for a woman to become pregnant is between ages 20-35. |
Behavioural:
Maternal nutrition can increase or decrease the risk of spina bifida. Folate is a nutrient (vitamin B6) that is essential for normal cell division and the production of new cells. Folate is particularly important during periods of rapid growth, as occurs during the prenatal stage. Folate has been shown to be a significant protective factor in the development of spina bifida. The neural tube closes early in the pregnancy, often before the woman knows she is pregnant. As a result, all women of child bearing age where pregnancy is possible should ensure they consume adequate amounts of folate. |
Physical Environment:
It is important for maternal women to be aware of their physical environment and how it may affect their baby, especially excessive heat, thereby the location of home can be critical. It is also important that these women live in an area where they have access to things such as health care and high food availability. |
Social:
In 2009, the Australian government introduced mandatory fortification of bread with folate. This aims to decrease the prevalence of new tube defects as folate intake is increased. Accessing healthcare prior to pregnancy can increase parental knowledge of folate intake and other precautionary measures such as avoiding hot environments. This may reduce the risk of spina bifida. |